MIR for Symbolic representations

e.g. You don't need to close tags

Are bounded by start and end tags

<element> </element>

Attributes

XML documents can begin with some information about themselves

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

Some characters need special "escape" codes to avoid confusion

&lt; represents "<"

&gt; represents ">"

&amp; represents "&"

&apos; represents '

&quot; represents "

Schemas define valid elements and their attributes

They also define which elements can be parents or children to others

There are different ways of specifying schemas

A schema can be used for interpretation, transformation and validation

Stream-oriented APIs accessible from a programming language, for example SAX and StAX.

Tree-traversal APIs accessible from a programming language, for example DOM.

XML data binding, which provides an automated translation between an XML document and programming-language objects.

Declarative transformation languages such as XSLT and XQuery.